Birth and early life
Ibn
al-Haytham, born in the city of Basra in Iraq years 354-965 ad, in the
era was booming in the Sciences of mathematics, astronomy, medicine and
others, worked on the study of geometry, optics and read the books his
predecessors from Greece and the world scientists Andalusian Zahrawi and
others in this area, he wrote several letters written in those sciences
and contributed the main norm-setting, and complete what he has started
big world Zahrawi.
His most famous work
Landscape
(or light)-Eclipse-Lunar Parallax-see planets-alert on the error
monitoring-reared with-assets size-columns triangles-cat Holocaust and
mirrors-Mirrors Holocaust Chambers-how come the shades-letter in the
twilight-explain the origins of Euclid in engineering and the number-the
whole of the assets of the account-engineering analysis-analysis of
issues of multilateralism. Why alhazen more than 80 books and a letter, offering to the planets and the Moon and celestial bodies and their dimensions.
His influence on modern science
Ibn
al-Haytham phenomena studied the refraction of light and its reflection
in detail, and bucking the old views as theories of Ptolemy, denied
that vision by rays emitted from the eye, and laid the fundamentals of
eye lenses and explain the full postmortem.
His death
Ibn al-Haytham died in Cairo in Egypt year 1038 CE at the age of 73.
Philosophers
of ancient Greece and research scientists in the science of light, and
not thorough or in-depth research, Euclid went on his research to the
eye occur in transparent medium body between them and the fortune-teller
rays emit, and the stuff that is this beam insight, which has no
insight, and the things that great view angle of insight, and that
insight from small angle you see small, and research in the science of
light in this Ark without progress or upgrade, even with al-Hasan ibn
al-Haytham They corrected these errors, and the
science of light strides, which did not inform him before, and not
beyond after many centuries later.
Although
Ibn al-Haytham's place and research innovations in the science of
light, it has remained obscure, unknown to many people, and that they
have from God revealing his efforts and evacuated, rest in oblivion, the
Arab world was Mustafa clean one of these, he wrote his pioneering
study published by the University of Cairo in two volumes, where hectic
reading manuscripts of Ibn al Haitham and hundreds of references, even
the honest fact that Ibn al-Haytham is the author of foundations of the
science of light in the modern sense.
Birth and upbringing
Basra
was the birth of Abby on al-Hasan ibn al-Haytham (354 e = 965 m), and
it grew up and learn, nothing is known about its origins, only that
first lived in a prosperous period, where the captains of science in
philosophy, medicine, chemistry, mathematics, astronomy, just reached
out this science accept them with relentless vigour and determination
are not addressed here, read what was under the hands of advanced and
retarded wrote, not only to see and read, but meant to RID and memoranda
and letters on the topics of science, the workers in this Science,
in which the classification so long is his fame, and heard by the
Fatimid Caliph al-hakem, hoped for the same use, and increased his
desire that brought him what Ibn al-Haytham: "if I worked in Egypt for
gaining the benefit gets work in each of the cases of deficiency," Ibn
al-Haytham in this period has exceeded the 60-year-old, best known in
the Islamic world as a world he views engineering and jurisprudence.
In Cairo
The
Governor wished to Ibn al-Haytham to come to Egypt and stability, since
him, arrived and asked to perform what about Nile, Hassan went to Aswan
with a group of industry professionals in construction work for them to
implement his idea that I came up with him, however, to preview the
site chosen for the implementation of the project and does not fit with
what they thought, and that its implementation is almost impossible, the
body building on the Nile at the time beyond the means of his time and
beyond his men, al-Hasan ibn al-Haytham returned ashamed to Cairo,
and apologized to the Caliph, pretending to accept the excuse, and some
governors offices, by Ibn al-Haytham AWE does not desire, and if the
Governor to make it fairer in a clique of them scientists in the Dar Al
Hikma and its dismissal, it would like to set for this action, which
used the life of research and study.
But
he took the job was to make it immune to the whims of the Governor's
reckless, a Moody, quick and heavy-handed, Ibn al-Haytham feared such
fluctuations, and at the same time not able to abandon his work and
withdraw; for fear of treachery of the Governor is God, did not find a
way to get rid of the only allegation crazy and show to gawk and
dementia, since the ruling was so isolated from the Office and
confiscated his assets and ordered his detention in his home, and make
it serve him, and the world has been intelligent, sad situation So
the Governor is God died, re-surfaced and engaging science, Dara
settled near Al-Azhar mosque, Cairo established workers with science and
classification and copies of old books until he died in (430 e = 1038
m).
Scientific activity and his discoveries
Ibn
al-Haytham was a prolific author-streaming production in various types
of knowledge, methods and logic philosophy, medicine, astronomy, optics,
mathematics, novel new types of scientific thought, and the number of
his compositions as well as composer for 200 messages and other
articles, one wonders: how has life for man to compose all of the books
in different branches of science, with its precision and abundant
science and innovation? But thanks to God he benefits.
Ibn
al-Haytham was a in optics nearly twenty-four subject between book and
letter and an article, but most of these books have been lost, of the
scientific heritage, and what remained of it was annexed by the Istanbul
and London libraries and others have recognized the great writing of
lost "scenes" which contained innovative theories in the science of
light, the main reference for this information until the 17th century
after being translated into Latin.
And
al-Hasan ibn al-Haytham was the first of Euclid's theory and other
error in the light beam emitted from the eye and the Visual pornography,
decided to reverse this theory, that ray of light emerges from Visual
pornography thing is eyes, and those with experience and seen that ray
of light stretch is on a straight line.
Ibn
al-Haytham and transparent objects, and is implemented by the light and
understands the vision beyond such as air, water, and light if
implemented from transparent to translucent sagged on the integrity of
another.
Research
on diffraction when optical effect in the air surrounding the Earth,
the air density in the lower layers greater than in the upper layers,
and air does not extend to non-end, but ends at a certain height, if a
beam of light passed through these layers of different density, it
refracts slowly and gradually bend towards the ground, it follows that
the star or planet watching him eye appears in position closer to the
real position and noted the resulting error Monitoring and should be corrected.
Al-Hasan
ibn al-Haytham described how the vision, and the installation of the
eye, and the whole of its parts of the business, was a vision to be the
photo video on what we now call "retinal" transition impact through the
optic nerve, and seeing one thing though seen two eyes of two images on
the same parts of the retina, and dealt with the subject of lenses and
enlarge. What is written on this subject clear to use lenses to fix defects in the eye.
These
efforts have had an impact in advancing the science of light and paper
assessment of scientists, as George Sutton, a senior historian of
science "is the greatest Muslim physicist, one of the world leading
scientists who searched on optics in all the ages", has translated its
research in the optics into Latin and Italian, according to Kepler and
relied on its research, the bottom line is that Ibn al-Haytham made
learnt new tincture, take light and other childhood origins arises
first, so its impact on the science of light-like effect in science Mechanics,
information on the science of light by Ibn al-Haytham sporadic not
linked URL, he searched well, turn in his face was not preceded by a
kiss, fix errors and deficiencies, and developed research, invented the
new disclosures, or compose of all unit apartment threaded, and
established the basis on which it was based--the science of light.
Besides
his contributions to geometry, and a fifty-eight authors, including his
views and hoped there were issues about innovative Euclid warkhmids
without proof or needed to explain and prove. There
are libraries in Cairo, London, Paris and Istanbul more than twenty-one
susceptibilities of Ibn al-Haytham in this theme, and in the account
and the corresponding algebra and a least ten books, there is only a few
manuscripts in the library of Atef in Turkey: account transactions,
extract numerical issue.
In
astronomy, Ibn al-Haytham created and contributed actively to "Ptolemy
II", and did not hear back from the legacy of alhazen in the astronomers
only about seventeen of twenty-four in order, on the dimensions and
sizes of the celestial bodies and how to see them.
And
in two books: one in medicine "medical" industry calendar in thirty
books read summary of Galen, and other "article in reply to ABI Faraj '
Abd-Allaah ibn al-Tayyib heroes banner where the violation of Galen, and
also a letter in the anatomy of the eye and vision.
Its transmission to Europe
Meant
Kamal al-Din Ibn al-Haitham Research Persian in optics and studied
thoroughly and a type known as "revision corresponding to those with
vision and insights, this book knew through Europe a lot about Ibn
al-Haytham and his work in the science of light, where the publication
of this book as a translator in the Switzerland (980 = 1572), that had
been published before the invention of printing by Gerard de Cremona"
months translators in Spain, consider creating the largest group of
astronomical years (676 e = 1277 m) for scientists The
Arabs, these books benefited from Spain and Portugal in the Atlantic
Ocean Marine their flights thanks to astronomical alaziag (astronomical
tables) and sports information left by Arab scholars.
Through
these translations of Ibn al-Haytham's work influenced Roger Bacon John
bekam wevitlo in their research, the book of John bekham got only
perspective quote less of Ibn al-Haytham's book of optics and either
book, read written years (666 = 1270 m) there is a large section of Ibn
al-Haytham, and findings.
